crypto-assets

  • FATF Travel Rule Implementation: The Enforcement Gap

    On 16 July 2026 the Financial Action Task Force published its seventh targeted update on how countries are implementing the FATF standards for virtual assets and virtual asset service providers. The headline finding is that implementation remains uneven. Of the 109 jurisdictions answering the Travel Rule legislation question, 91, or 83 percent, reported legislation in…

  • ESMA CAFI Guidelines: When a Crypto-Asset Is a Financial Instrument

    On 17 December 2024 the European Securities and Markets Authority published its Final Report and, in Annex III, the Guidelines on the conditions and criteria for the qualification of crypto-assets as financial instruments, reference ESMA75453128700-1323. That document, often shortened to the CAFI Guidelines, addresses whether a crypto-asset qualifies as a financial instrument and is therefore…

  • MiCAR Reporting Obligations for CASPs: Complete Implementation Guide

    Introduction MiCAR (Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation) creates the first comprehensive regulatory framework requiring crypto-asset service providers to implement authorization, prudential reporting, transaction monitoring, and incident notification systems. The Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2023/1114) represents the first unified rulebook for crypto-asset activities across the entire European Union. For reporting teams and compliance practitioners, MiCAR…